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The Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (312-50v12) questions are being offered in three easy-to-use and different formats. These formats are ECCouncil Dumps PDF, desktop-based ECCouncil 312-50v12 practice test software, and web-based 312-50v12 practice exam. All these three 312-50v12 Exam Dumps formats contain real, valid, and updated 312-50v12 exam questions that surely repeat in the upcoming 312-50v12 exam and you can easily pass the ECCouncil 312-50v12 exam on the first attempt.
The Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification is one of the most respected and globally recognized certifications in the cybersecurity industry. Certified Ethical Hacker Exam certification is designed to validate the skills and knowledge of professionals who are tasked with identifying and addressing security vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks. The EC-Council 312-50v12 exam is the latest version of the CEH certification and is widely regarded as one of the toughest exams in the cybersecurity industry.
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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam Sample Questions (Q12-Q17):
NEW QUESTION # 12
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) has a need to authenticate users connecting via analog modems, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), wireless data services, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN) over a Frame Relay network.
Which AAA protocol is the most likely able to handle this requirement?
- A. RADIUS
- B. Kerberos
- C. DIAMETER
- D. TACACS+
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service.
RADIUS is a client/server protocol that runs in the application layer, and can use either TCP or UDP. Network access servers, which control access to a network, usually contain a RADIUS client component that communicates with the RADIUS server. RADIUS is often the back-end of choice for 802.1X authentication. A RADIUS server is usually a background process running on UNIX or Microsoft Windows.
Authentication and authorization
The user or machine sends a request to a Network Access Server (NAS) to gain access to a particular network resource using access credentials. The credentials are passed to the NAS device via the link-layer protocol-for example, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) in the case of many dialup or DSL providers or posted in an HTTPS secure web form.
In turn, the NAS sends a RADIUS Access Request message to the RADIUS server, requesting authorization to grant access via the RADIUS protocol.
This request includes access credentials, typically in the form of username and password or security certificate provided by the user. Additionally, the request may contain other information which the NAS knows about the user, such as its network address or phone number, and information regarding the user's physical point of attachment to the NAS.
The RADIUS server checks that the information is correct using authentication schemes such as PAP, CHAP or EAP. The user's proof of identification is verified, along with, optionally, other information related to the request, such as the user's network address or phone number, account status, and specific network service access privileges. Historically, RADIUS servers checked the user's information against a locally stored flat-file database. Modern RADIUS servers can do this or can refer to external sources-commonly SQL, Kerberos, LDAP, or Active Directory servers-to verify the user's credentials.
The RADIUS server then returns one of three responses to the NAS:
1) Access-Reject,
2) Access-Challenge,
3) Access-Accept.
Access-Reject
The user is unconditionally denied access to all requested network resources. Reasons may include failure to provide proof of identification or an unknown or inactive user account.
Access-Challenge
Requests additional information from the user such as a secondary password, PIN, token, or card. Access-Challenge is also used in more complex authentication dialogs where a secure tunnel is established between the user machine and the Radius Server in a way that the access credentials are hidden from the NAS.
Access-Accept
The user is granted access. Once the user is authenticated, the RADIUS server will often check that the user is authorized to use the network service requested. A given user may be allowed to use a company's wireless network, but not its VPN service, for example. Again, this information may be stored locally on the RADIUS server or may be looked up in an external source such as LDAP or Active Directory.
NEW QUESTION # 13
In Trojan terminology, what is a covert channel?
- A. A legitimate communication path within a computer system or network for transfer of data
- B. A channel that transfers information within a computer system or network in a way that violates the security policy
- C. It is Reverse tunneling technique that uses HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP protocol to establish connections
- D. It is a kernel operation that hides boot processes and services to mask detection
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 14
what firewall evasion scanning technique make use of a zombie system that has low network activity as well as its fragment identification numbers?
- A. Decoy scanning
- B. Idle scanning
- C. Spoof source address scanning
- D. Packet fragmentation scanning
Answer: B
Explanation:
The idle scan could be a communications protocol port scan technique that consists of causing spoofed packets to a pc to seek out out what services square measure obtainable. this can be accomplished by impersonating another pc whose network traffic is extremely slow or nonexistent (that is, not transmission or receiving information). this might be associate idle pc, known as a "zombie".
This action are often done through common code network utilities like nmap and hping. The attack involves causing solid packets to a particular machine target in an attempt to seek out distinct characteristics of another zombie machine. The attack is refined as a result of there's no interaction between the offender pc and also the target: the offender interacts solely with the "zombie" pc.
This exploit functions with 2 functions, as a port scanner and a clerk of sure informatics relationships between machines. The target system interacts with the "zombie" pc and distinction in behavior are often discovered mistreatment totally different|completely different "zombies" with proof of various privileges granted by the target to different computers.
The overall intention behind the idle scan is to "check the port standing whereas remaining utterly invisible to the targeted host." The first step in execution associate idle scan is to seek out associate applicable zombie. It must assign informatics ID packets incrementally on a worldwide (rather than per-host it communicates with) basis. It ought to be idle (hence the scan name), as extraneous traffic can raise its informatics ID sequence, confusing the scan logic. The lower the latency between the offender and also the zombie, and between the zombie and also the target, the quicker the scan can proceed.
Note that once a port is open, IPIDs increment by a pair of. Following is that the sequence:
offender to focus on - SYN, target to zombie -SYN/ACK, Zombie to focus on - RST (IPID increment by 1) currently offender tries to probe zombie for result. offender to Zombie -SYN/ACK, Zombie to offender - RST (IPID increment by 1) So, during this method IPID increments by a pair of finally.
When associate idle scan is tried, tools (for example nmap) tests the projected zombie and reports any issues with it. If one does not work, attempt another. Enough net hosts square measure vulnerable that zombie candidates are not exhausting to seek out. a standard approach is to easily execute a ping sweep of some network. selecting a network close to your supply address, or close to the target, produces higher results. you'll be able to attempt associate idle scan mistreatment every obtainable host from the ping sweep results till you discover one that works. As usual, it's best to raise permission before mistreatment someone's machines for surprising functions like idle scanning.
Simple network devices typically create nice zombies as a result of {they square measure|they're} normally each underused (idle) and designed with straightforward network stacks that are susceptible to informatics ID traffic detection.
While distinguishing an acceptable zombie takes some initial work, you'll be able to keep re-using the nice ones. as an alternative, there are some analysis on utilizing unplanned public internet services as zombie hosts to perform similar idle scans. leverage the approach a number of these services perform departing connections upon user submissions will function some quite poor's man idle scanning.
NEW QUESTION # 15
An attacker changes the profile information of a particular user (victim) on the target website. The attacker uses this string to update the victim's profile to a text file and then submit the data to the attacker's database.
iframe src=""http://www.vulnweb.com/updateif.php"" style=""display:none"" /iframe What is this type of attack (that can use either HTTP GET or HTTP POST) called?
- A. Cross-Site Scripting
- B. SQL Injection
- C. Browser Hacking
- D. Cross-Site Request Forgery
Answer: D
Explanation:
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-web/csrf-cross-site-request-forgery Cross-site request forgery (also known as CSRF) is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to induce users to perform actions that they do not intend to perform.
This is done by making a logged in user in the victim platform access an attacker controlled website and from there execute malicious JS code, send forms or retrieve "images" to the victims account.
In order to be able to abuse a CSRF vulnerability you first need to find a relevant action to abuse (change password or email, make the victim follow you on a social network, give you more privileges...). The session must rely only on cookies or HTTP Basic Authentication header, any other header can't be used to handle the session. An finally, there shouldn't be unpredictable parameters on the request.
Several counter-measures could be in place to avoid this vulnerability. Common defenses:
- SameSite cookies: If the session cookie is using this flag, you may not be able to send the cookie from arbitrary web sites.
- Cross-origin resource sharing: Depending on which kind of HTTP request you need to perform to abuse the relevant action, you may take int account the CORS policy of the victim site. Note that the CORS policy won't affect if you just want to send a GET request or a POST request from a form and you don't need to read the response.
- Ask for the password user to authorise the action.
- Resolve a captcha
- Read the Referrer or Origin headers. If a regex is used it could be bypassed form example with:
http://mal.net?orig=http://example.com (ends with the url)
http://example.com.mal.net (starts with the url)
- Modify the name of the parameters of the Post or Get request
- Use a CSRF token in each session. This token has to be send inside the request to confirm the action. This token could be protected with CORS.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?
- A. Mac Flooding
- B. DHCP Sniffing
- C. Password Sniffing
- D. ARP Poisoning
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 17
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