DEPRESSION is a serious mood disorder that can affect how you think, feel and behave. It isnt a normal passing mood or the blues. Symptoms can be severe and last for weeks, months or even years. It interferes with work, school and social activities and can lead to self-harm or suicide. Depression can be treated with psychotherapy (talk therapy) and/or medication. Its important to seek help early and not wait until things get worse. Depression affects men, women and children of all ages. The symptoms can be different for each group.

There are many possible causes of depression. These include genetics, family history, changes in hormones and brain chemistry, stress, drug or alcohol use, medical conditions and illnesses and trauma. Depression may also be triggered by certain medications or substances, including some prescription drugs like antidepressants and over-the-counter pain relievers. It can be triggered by events in your life such as the death of a loved one, relationship problems, major financial or health challenges, workplace or other stressful situations and major lifestyle changes. Depression can start in childhood or adolescence and can run in the family, but it can also develop for no apparent reason.

In people with depression, an imbalance of neurotransmitters is thought to play a role in how the brain communicates and regulates emotions. Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy and in the year after childbirth (known as the perinatal period), are also associated with depression. A change in the balance of these hormones can be a result of a thyroid problem or menopause. A variety of other factors may contribute to depression, but a combination of biological, psychological and social factors is usually involved.

Symptoms of depression vary and can be different for each person, but they commonly include feeling sad or low most of the time, feeling irritable or numb, having difficulty thinking or remembering, having trouble sleeping, having little energy, or losing interest in hobbies or other activities that were once enjoyable. Some people with depression have thoughts of harming themselves or others, and they may have a loss of appetite or overeat. Others may have feelings of guilt or worthlessness.

Depression can be treated with psychotherapy and/or medication, although it might take a while to find the right combination of treatments. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is the main treatment for depression, and it can be done with a professional therapist or in a self-help support group. It can be done in person, over the phone or online. Other treatments, such as exercise, healthy eating, getting enough sleep and staying connected with friends, family or spiritual advisors, can also be helpful. Some people with depression may need long-term treatment for depression, but most see improvement. Its important to find a health care provider who specializes in treating mental illness to help you with your depression. They can give you tips on how to cope and advice about when to call for help.